Agriculture is the world's largest user of fresh water, accounting for around 70 percent of all water withdrawals. Agricultural water management covers how water is captured, stored, distributed and used on farms, including rainwater harvesting, irrigation, drainage and the reuse of treated wastewater. Traditional flood and furrow irrigation can waste large amounts of water through evaporation and runoff. Modern methods such as drip and sprinkler irrigation deliver water more precisely, while smart irrigation uses soil-moisture sensors, weather data and automated controllers to apply water only when and where crops need it. Deficit irrigation, which deliberately supplies slightly less water than full crop demand at less sensitive growth stages, can save water with little loss in yield.
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