Medicinal plants are species used in traditional and modern medicine because they contain biologically active compounds, such as alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids, that have therapeutic effects. Aromatic plants produce essential oils and fragrances used in perfumes, cosmetics, food flavouring and aromatherapy. These valuable compounds are known as secondary metabolites, and their levels depend strongly on genetics, growing environment and post-harvest handling. Plantation crops are perennial crops usually grown on a large scale, such as coffee, tea, cocoa, rubber, coconut, oil palm and arecanut. Together, these crops support important industries and the livelihoods of many smallholder farmers, particularly in tropical regions.
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