A forest ecosystem is a natural community of trees, shrubs, plants, animals, fungi and microorganisms that interact with each other and with the soil, water and climate around them. Forests are commonly grouped into tropical, temperate and boreal types, while mangroves form a special forest system along tropical coastlines. Forests provide many benefits, known as ecosystem services: provisioning services such as timber, food, fuel and medicine; regulating services such as climate regulation, water purification and flood control; supporting services such as soil formation and nutrient cycling; and cultural services such as recreation and spiritual value. Forests also store large amounts of carbon in their trees and soils, which makes them vital for slowing climate change.
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