Agriculture is a significant source of greenhouse gases, mainly carbon dioxide from land-use change and soil disturbance, methane from livestock and rice paddies, and nitrous oxide from fertilised soils. At the same time, farmland has a large potential to remove carbon from the atmosphere. Carbon farming refers to practices that increase the amount of carbon stored in soils and vegetation or reduce emissions, such as cover cropping, reduced tillage, agroforestry, improved grazing, efficient fertiliser use and better livestock feeding. To reward farmers through carbon markets, these gains must be measured, reported and verified (MRV). Agri-environment work looks more broadly at the effects of farming on air, water, soil and biodiversity.
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